Africa

=__ Africa __= ** Essential Questions **:

Because if the government becomes corrupt from this political change it can create issues with inside the government and it can possibly make the people unhappy and there can be issues with them as well. -May not be in everyone best interest, not everyone may agree. -different views -struggle for power It changes the government for the people, nations, and empires once it starts growing and advances the older government gets weaker and old and can eventually die out or end. However with nationalism it will create most likely a better environment for the people and there will be unity within the nation. -think that they are inferior/conflict You want a good political relationship say with another country so you can both obtain a good economic relationship as well helping each other when needed and there is someone who is an allies and someone you can trade with
 * **How can political change cause conflict**
 * **How does the development of nationalism impact people, nations, and empires?**
 * **How can political relationships affect economic relationships?**

It is when people are happy with the nation and government an when things inside the nation are going well, with the government, people, and economic wise. -tragedies, culture, holidays, languages, common view points(freedom)
 * **What characteristics and factors unite people as a nation?**

__**Comments on Africa From Video**__ "** Like a cyclone, imperialism spins across the globe; militarism crushes peoples, and sucks the blood like a vampire." ** Meaning: It means that with imperialism it is something that happens all over the world once it is started and it spreads fast across the globe. With having a large military (militarism) it ends up killing people and people dying with blood loss. He is against Imperialism because Imperialism happens and it ends up ending peoples lives. The people take everything and are greedy not leaving anything for the people like a vampire draining the blood of someone. There is no mercy and they do not care what happens to those they hurt or use as long as they are able to get what they want. It happens with violence because they use military force in order to achieve it. ** Mark up: The Scramble for Africa: ** https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GWgm9CW8c7ylsVHe7pKtMHyBWMe3XmFmbMGaARQBpbU/edit
 * China was a thriving manufacture
 * found something that the Chinese would buy opium
 * unfair trade practices in Chinese views
 * created lots of drug addicts and threaten trade
 * Imperialism first started i china
 * scrabble for Africa(was Europeans countries trying to colonize in Africa)
 * Europe colonized basically all of Africa-industrialization
 * Africa had many disease which killed Europeans and horses
 * Had to wait to industrialized Africa because they needed technological advances.
 * Guns were huge and able them to wipe out Africans
 * European imperialism involved a lot of dying and fighting
 * Africa resisted but were not able to probably fight back
 * died form war or disease
 * Europeans used other people to rule their colonies
 * they had a strong military strength (Europeans) and were able to coerce there rulers into what they wanted
 * Ethiopia became only area not colonized
 * Horses would die as soon as they went inland so it was hard to take over
 * They went to Africa because they had an abundance of natural resources which could be used to industrialize Europe
 * They did depend on intermediary government
 * european was establishing colonies and
 * brought wealth and power to europeans (imperalism) and killed others
 * Make money for conquers
 * African nations had politcal weakness
 * slave trad lead to warfdare
 * steampower, new weapons gave europeans the oppurtunity to fight and move better
 * european erged africans to give up their tradions and forced western influences
 * Congo was a bad area
 * eithopipa and libera had only not been affected by european influences
 * Analyze the quote: **
 * By Karl Liebknecht **

** Picture Detective ** :

-Why do the Asians seem happier than the African people? -What is at the top of the hill? -Why are they struggling carrying the people? -Why does uncle sam have a red cross on his arm? -a mountain that they are climbing up -there are people in baskets -Uncle Sam is one of the man that is carrying a basket -African People look angry -"white man's burden" -Man in a red jacket carrying a basket full of Asian People -The rocks have words on the "Oppression" 'Vice" "Ignorance" etc -There are gold rocks at the top of the mountain -There is a statue at the top of it(rocks) -It is gold at the top -at the top it says civilization  -unlce Sam has a red cross patch on his arm - It is showing Great Britain (possibly) and the United States who is a super power carrying nations on their backs up a rocky hill. They are carrying them and taking them to civilization by helping them, guiding, and adding them. It shows them struggling as they attempt to bring them to the goal which is civilization. It shows them helping and struggling to get over big issues like oppression going over the rocks. It shows that they have to get over had issues first and deal with problems before they are able to read the goal of civilization. It is showing how the way to civilization is not an easy one. -They brought them to civilization -To reach civilization Europeans and Americans believe that they need to bring them to civilization -social Darwinism -The stronger they are like the US they believe that it is their duty to help those get to what they think civilization is..
 * **Ask a Question **
 * **What do you see )Clues) **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">What is the message of the political cartoon? **

"the Whiter Man's Burden" https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rMAVwVURjdrL-nrCuXOuPYS90vA1l9wGfxJw8V5fMak/edit 1. According to Kipling, and in your own words, what was the “White Man’s Burden”? The white mans burden 2. What reward did Kipling suggest the “White Man” gets for carrying his “burden”? 3. Who did Kipling think would read his poem? What do you think that this audience might have said in response to it? 4. What lines of the poem did you find the most interesting and why? Go send your sons to exile- This is interesting because i thought that exile was to send away. To send them away for the nations needs.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The Black Man's Burden:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1nCQg7NrpkOphPtdNDvb8WDJQbRiN0jLFL0g8JqeA_TY/edit "The black mans burden" was written in response to "the whit man's burden"I think that this poem "The Black Man's Burden" is basically saying how they will fight for what they want and believe in. They might die and bleed in the end, but they will defend themselves till the end and do it with honor which is being stated especially with in the last few lines. It is showing nationalism. He is saying how they are killing people and ruining peoples lives. There technology is not as strong as them and how it is unfair and how it is possible that they will most likely die. People are dying. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"In vain ye seek to end it, <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">With bullets, blood or death <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Better by far defend it <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">With honor’s holy breath."
 * Message:**

The Berlin Conference: The General Act of Feb. 26, 1885:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/14FP0e-mJFhQs5QW_1A1X90GAW57kkrukRlSRCqpEygc/edit#heading=h.dkrw48c6w2jg ** Primary Sources on Imperialism in Africa: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">significance of the Berlin Conference in 5 words: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">Teamwork-nations were working together in order to work out the issues with Africa
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">Compromise-working together to achieve
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">Agreements-" "
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">Protection-Wanted to protect Africa and making sure there wasn't a war
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">Effective- It worked and till this day the division is still in place.
 * <span style="color: #e00000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">Social Darwinism- it was there duty to colonize
 * <span style="color: #e00000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">enhance/improve/prestige

**Document 1**: "Throughout history it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered that has made it possible for evil to triumph." Haille Selassie, Ethiopian emperor, 1892-1975 The perspective of the Haille Selassie is that throughout history is about those who could not keep quiet, those who thought that they had to act even if they "should have know better" to be silent and not do anything. Sometimes its better to stand out and speak because "evil" can take over. For example it is like with the holocaust. That things escalated and got worse because nations like the US didn't go and help or do things in order to prevent the thousands upon thousands of people dying. Being silent might avoid some issues, but it can also be the reason why innocent people lose their lives Not all of Africa was taken under control. Ethiopia and Libra were able to stay under their own government and not been taken and control by Europeans. Other areas in Africa could have taken some pointer from them and how they were able to stay under their government and also they could have helped other parts. Tjhey just stayed to themselves because they were safe, but they could have tried to help and support other areas. It relates because if all the areas in Africa were able to come together then maybe they would have been able to stop the imperialism and the invasion from the Europeans.
 * What is the perspective of the author? What events might have caused the author to think as he does?
 * Why might the author be making this statement?
 * How does the quote relate to Imperialism in Africa? Explain.

**Document 2** On French Colonial Expansion" A Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884, by Jules Ferry (1832-1893): Ferry was twice prime minister of France, from (1880-1881, 1883-1885)

//Gentlemen, we must speak more loudly and more honestly! We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races...// //I repeat, that the superior race races have a right because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize inferior races...In the history of earlier centuries these duties gentlemen have been misunderstood; and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race....But in our time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty.//

//I say that French colonial policy, the policy of colonial expansion, the policy that has taken us under the Empire, that has led us to Tunisia, to Madagascar- I say this policy of colonial expansion was inspired by...the fact that a navy such as ours cannot do without safe harbors, defenses, supply centers on the high seas...Are you unaware of this? Look at the map of the world.//

The author of this was Ferry who was twice prime minister of France. He was a man who favored and supported imperialism because he beloved that it was Frances and other Europeans duty as a superior race to help the lower races. To support his viewpoint he tells people that they need to be honest with themselves and understand that in the end they are the higher and superior race and that it is their duty and calling to help those below them like Africa in order to reach imperialism. That they will be doing them a favor if they help them learn what they want them to. To convince people that it is the right thing to do when it comes to the imperialism in Africa. It is their duty to do it because they are not able to run a government by themselves. That there was not equality back then that there were lower and higher races. That the Europeans thought that they were superior to everyone else and thought that their thoughts especially with imperialism were correct and everyone should be running their nations like them because they were doing it the right way. **Document 3**: "The Rhodes of Colossus: Striding from Cape Town to Cairo" Published in Punch, or the London Charivari, December 10, 1982. Artists: Linley Sambourne
 * Who is the author of this piece of evidence? What is his viewpoint?
 * What justifications does he offer to support his viewpoint?
 * Why might he be giving this speech? What is the purpose of this speech?
 * What does the speech tell you about life and attitudes of that time?



It was published in Punch, or the London Charivari, December 10, 1982. The impact this has on its perspective and bias is that imperialism was a good thing. Britain was in favor of imperialism and during the time that this was published was when they wanted Africa. Due to this the artist most likely believed that imperialism in Africa was a good thing. It was something that his country wanted, so he most likely believed and followed their views.
 * Where and when was this political cartoon published? What impact might this have on its perspective and bias?

The meaning of the title showed that Europeans had almost complete control over Africa. Cairo is at the north of Africa and Cape Town is all the way at the south of Africa, and since the man is striding from one area from another. This helps show and explain how the Europeans had a control of Africa and they are controlling almost all of the nations in Africa, Being depicted is Cecil Rhodes, a British man. What I see is the man attached to Africa with strings coming from his body arms stretched out, a hat and a gun standing tall like he owns the continent The artist's view point was that Europeans had taken over Africa. It shows that he is in favor of the imperialism and changing Africa. It looks like he believes that the Europeans should take control of all of Africa because of the way that the man in the cartoon is standing. He is tied down to both sides and standing tall almost like a flag. It could represent the immense power that Europeans had over the Africans and that they were the ones to have the power.
 * What meaning does the title give to the Illustration? Why might the author have chosen the words he did/ (colossus, striding, Cape Town and Cairo)
 * Who is being depicted in this political cartoon? (research cartoon) What objects do you see?
 * What is the artists viewpoint? What evidence from the political cartoon supports your claim?

**Document 4**:
<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">"Moshweshewe: Letter ton Sir George Grey, 1858" written by Mark X of Moshweshewe, Chief of the Basutos: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oqVxaQ57NHZ5PfaWvEUWp3Br3Ia1Qff6ZuR0LdG66Sk/edit Mark X of Moshweshewe, Chief of Basutos in South Africa. The reason he is writing the letter because he wants to talk about how the Europeans are taking over the land of Africa. His purpose was to explain that he didn't understand how the white men had this much power. The Boers are the people of Dutch descent who lived in South Africa Sir Harry Smith was the governor of a colony in South Africa Yes,I think the letter was successful. It shed light on the problem and what the white people were doing to them in Africa and how they were taking over their land. He explains how the Boers were taking land from the people. The Boers, in their mind thought that the "farms their own" which proved the economy and markets the Europeans were trying to establish in Africa.
 * Who is the author? Why is he writing the letter? What is the purpose?
 * The letter included the names of several individuals and groups. Who are these individuals and groups? How do they impact the meaning of the letter? (you will have to research names and groups as example Boers, Harry Smith....)
 * Do you think the letter was successful in fulfilling its purpose? Why or why not? Use evidence (quotes) from the letter to support your claim.

**Document 5:**
Source: Ndansi Kumalo, African veteran of the Ndebele Rebellion against British advances in southern Africa, 1896. So we surrendered to the White people and were told to go back to our homes and live our usual lives and attend to our crops. We were treated like slaves. They came and were overbearing. We were ordered to carry their clothes and bundles. They harmed our wives and our daughters. How the rebellion started I do not know; there was no organization, it was like a fire that suddenly flames up. I had an old gun. They—the White men—fought us with big guns, machine guns, and rifles. Many of our people were killed in this fight: I saw four of my cousins shot. We made many charges but each time we were defeated.But for the White men’s machine guns, it would have been different. They "were treated like slaves". They were told what to do and it seemed like there were some consequences if the means were not meet-ed. They were causing harm to loved ones especially daughters and wives. they were not kind towards them. they went against them hurting and shooting them if they did something they didn't like going against humanity. The white men had much more advanced technology and weapons then the africans. **Document 6**: **Source: Mojimba, African chief, describing a battle in 1877 on the Congo River against British and African mercenaries, as told to a German Catholic missionary in 1907.** And still those bangs went on; the long sticks spat fire, pieces of iron whistled around us,fell into the water with a hissing sound, and our brothers continued to fall. We ran into our village and they ran after us. We fled into the forest and flung ourselves on the ground. When we returned that evening our eyes beheld fearful things: our brothers, dead, bleeding, our village plundered and burned, and the river full of dead bodies.You call us wicked men, but you White men are much more wicked! You think because you have guns you can take away our land and our possessions. You have sickness in your heads, for this is not justice The author of this source is Mojimba, an African chief. The white men had the upper power and strength on the Africans. They left them bleeding and dying. They took what they wanted and the Africans tried to fight back, but they were too weak. they didn't have any weapons like the Europeans. He sees them as bad men who are "wicked" **Document 7**: **Source: German military officer, account of the 1905 Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa, German military weekly newspaper, 1906**. The chiefs spread it among their people that a spirit, living in the form of a snake, had given a magic medicine to a medicine man. The medicine guaranteed a good harvest, so that in future people would no more need to perform wage labor for foreigners in order to obtain accustomed luxuries. The medicine would also give invulnerability, acting in such a way that enemy bullets would fall from their targets like raindrops from a greased body. It would strengthen women and children for the flight customary in wartime, with the associated hardships and privations, and protect them from being seized by the victorious attackers, who were accustomed to taking women and children with them as war prizes. The medicine consisted of water, maize, and sorghum grains. The water was applied by pouring it over the head and by drinking.
 * How were the the people of southern Africa treated by the imperialists?
 * Why was the African rebellion unsuccessful?
 * Who is the author of this source? What does it refer to?
 * Describe the strength of the sides in this battle using evidence from the text.
 * What is the chief's opinion of the British?
 * What is the message the German military officer was trying to send about the East Africans? Give evidence from the document to support your claim

The Africans are superstitious and believed that taking medicine would help them win. The people said that " a spirit, living in the form of a snake, had given a magic medicine to a medicine man." The Africans believed that the medicine would give them "invulnerability, acting in such a way that enemy bullets would fall from their targets."

The Africans probably had many traditions and were very cultural and it was something that has been in there lives for a long time and then the Europeans walk into there and try to change everyhtomh, so they held onto their culture and beliefs.In a way i beleive that it also gave them hope that they could save their land from the white men **Document 8**: Smithsonian Institution sponsored African expedition for Theodore Roosevelt, 1909-1910. Photo was used as an illustration in Theodore Roosevelt's book, "African Game Trails" published in 1910. there is a man standing next to a dead elephant holding a gun in the jungle. to show not only the effect that the white men had on the people and land, but the fact that they were also hurting animals in the process. The economic implications is that the white men killed animals in order to sell an elephants tusk or another animals fur in order to obtain money.The social implciations might be that the white men did not care what they were doing in Africa. they were able to hurt the people, land, and beautiful animals. they did not care about anything that they were doing as long as it benifited for them. **Document 9**: the industrialization industry, food industry, clothing industry, health and beauty industry, jewelry industry, and electrical industry. Great Britain had the most valuable colonies. Their colonies had metals and electrical materials that would defintly help with industrialization. European countries wanted raw materials from Africa for industrialization in order to get stronger and move faster and make more money. This helps show that for the reason of European imperialism in africa was in order to help europe and benefit and become a stonger nation. Africa had materials that Eriopeans wanted and they decided that they were going to take it and give it a fancy name.
 * Why do you think the Africans made such claims?
 * Describe the person and objects in this photo.
 * What is the purpose of the photograph?
 * What economic or social implications does this photo indicate about Africa in 1909?
 * What European industries benefited from African resources?
 * Which European country do you feel had the most valuable colonies? Why?
 * How could this document be used to explain the primary reason for European imperialism in Africa?'

**Document 10**:
"Colonialism’s greatest misdeed was to have tried to strip us of our responsibility in conducting our own affairs and convince us that our civilization was nothing less than savagery, thus giving us complexes which led to our being branded as irresponsible and lacking in self-confidence. . .The colonial powers had assimilated each of their colonies into their own economy.Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material and they, together with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization. . ." Sekou Toure, West African nationalist, 1962 the Europeans were trying to take away and get ride of their independence. Africa has the best raw materials and that is the reason why europeans entered their area. The Europeans wanted to turn the land in africa with the raw materials into their own economy.
 * In 1962, what was the response of this West African nationalist to years of colonialism?